המחאה החברתית לישראל-SATWORLD.ORG
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המחאה החברתית לישראל-SATWORLD.ORG

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גולן טלקום החלה בהרשמה ל"גולן בוקס" - ממיר טלוויזיה, אינטרנט וטלפון

Tue Jun 16, 2015 11:45 pm על ידי יוחנן המדביר הלאומי

גולן טלקום החלה בהרשמה ל"גולן בוקס" - ממיר טלוויזיה, אינטרנט וטלפון

גולן טלקום פונה לטריפל: חברת הסלולר פתחה אתר להרשמה מוקדמת לקבלת מידע על חבילה הכוללת ממיר טלוויזיה, אינטרנט וטלפוניה. מדובר בצעד שיווקי שכן המחירים טרם …


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Comments: 2

שמוש בצלחת ישנה של יס

Fri Nov 05, 2010 8:03 pm על ידי davidh2

יש לי צלחת עם עינית של יס (אני מנותק מיס) שמחוברת לממיר. אני קולט טוב את הערוצים החופשיים בעיברית , המזרח התכון ועוד תחנת חדשות רוסית באנגלית.
האם ניתן בעזרת אותה עינית לקלוט לווין נוסף בעל תחנות חופשיות באנגלית?
אם כל …

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Comments: 38

פורום זה פתוח רק לחברי קהילת הלווין הישראלית בלבד

Sun May 22, 2011 3:07 pm על ידי satworld

פורום זה פתוח רק לחברי קהילת הלווין הישראלית בלבד
מי שלא חבר לא רואה את כל הפורום או לא יכול להכנס אליו
חובה רישום בפורום ומשלוח 10 הודעות בפורום
הקבלה לקהילה היא על תנאי .
כל עוד מכבדים את התקנון ותקנות הקהילה .
עם החברות …

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Comments: 2

ממיר המאפשר קליטת כל הערוצים הפרוצים כיום ללא שיתןף

Sat Jul 19, 2014 2:15 pm על ידי tomer_1968

איזה ממירים קיימים  התומכים בקליטת הערוצים הפרוצים כיום   האם קיוב קפה למשל תומך בכך תודה
צריך לקנות ממיר HD

Comments: 3

מבצע ההתקנות צלחת לווין יוצא לדרך עם עדיפות לחברי הקהילה

Wed Sep 09, 2009 10:40 am על ידי satworld

המבצע מיועד לחברי הקהילה
התקנת צלחות לווין לחברי הקהילה
המבצעת AME
בכל הארץ
טכנאים מטעם החברה עם אחריות של שנה
3שנים אחריות שנים לצלחות הלווין
שנה לדיסק
3.שנים אחריות שנים לכבלים



התקנת 2 צלחות עם 8 לווינים
צלחת מטר 1


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Comments: 2

TOPFEILD 7700-7070 פעם ראשונה בעולם בשיתוף תודה ל DAVA

Wed Jun 24, 2009 8:30 am על ידי tizinabi

פעם ראשונה בעולם הצלחנו להפעיל שיתוף על טופפילד 7700HD
7070HD
השיתוף שפועל הוא CAMD3
כולל HD
מנהל פרוייקט DVD מוריס ואושר
תודה ענקית ל DAVA שעשה ימים כלילות בכדי להפעיל אותו ולמדנו רבות מניסיונו
הרסנו ממיר HD אחד כזה במלך …

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Comments: 5

ערוצי הסקס בלווינים:

Tue Oct 06, 2009 7:53 am על ידי ROYALCONDOM

ערוצי הסקס בלווינים:


בתדר 11938 H -יש 4 ערוצי Redlight
בתדר 12092 H - יש 6 ערוצי SEX של חבילת Satisfaction

13E

בתדר 11411 H - יש ערוץ Dorcel האיכותי וכן 5 ערוצי Sex On
בתדר 11727 V - יש 5 ערוצי Satisfaction (נסרקים בשם S1...S5 )
בתדר 12207 H - יש 2 ערוצי Free X ו Free X2
בתדר 10853 H - …

[ Full reading ]

Comments: 8

תקנון פורום קהילת הלווין הישראלית

Wed Jan 28, 2009 12:34 pm על ידי satworld

תקנון פורום קהילת הלווין הישראלית.
גולש יקר,
אנו מודים לך על כי בחרת להיכנס לאתר ולפורום היחיד של קהילת הלווין הישראלית "SATWORLD.TK" ו/או לכל עמוד ו/או מדור שלו, בין אם הכניסה אליהם היא דרך שם מתחם (Domain Name) www.SATWORLD.TKובין אם …

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Comments: 7

maiai kohen

Sun Apr 03, 2022 1:15 am על ידי Anonymous

דרושים לעבודות קלדנות סקרים כתיבה 
תמלול פרטים בוואטצפ 0502322173

Comments: 0

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How to use and make m3u list

Go down  הודעה [עמוד 1 מתוך 1]

1How to use and make m3u list Empty How to use and make m3u list Mon Oct 27, 2014 5:40 pm

ISRAEL4U

ISRAEL4U
SATWORLD ELITE

How to use and make m3u list
Its easy - just copy the list of channels from my site to you notepad, and save file with m3u exstension - iptv.m3u for example. Use VLC videoplayer or other to open m3u list of iptv channels. Enjoy your watching!

2How to use and make m3u list Empty Re: How to use and make m3u list Mon Oct 27, 2014 5:41 pm

ISRAEL4U

ISRAEL4U
SATWORLD ELITE

IPTV Basics
3DES - Triple Data Encryption Standard
60i - 60 Interlaced
A/V - Audio Visual
AAC - Advanced Audio Codec
AAF - Advanced Authoring Format
AALn - ATM Adaptation Layer n
AC3 - Audio Compression 3
Ad Credits - Advertising Credits
Ad Model - Advertising Model
Ad Splicer - Advertising Splicer
ADC - Analog to Digital Converter
ADET - Aggregate Data Event Table
ADPCM - Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
ADSL - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AEE - Application Execution Environment
AEIT - Aggregate Event Information Table
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard
AES - Audio Engineering Society
AFI - Authority and Format Identifier
AFX - Animation Framework eXtension
AI - Artificial Intelligence
AIR - Application Information Resource
AIT - Application Information Table
AJAX - Asynchronous Javascript and XML
A-LAN - Appartment Local Area Network
Analog HDTV - Analog High Definition Television
ANSI - American National Standards Institute
AoD - Advertising on Demand
API - Application Program Interface
APS - Analog Protection System
ARIB - Association for Radio Industries and Business
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASF - Advanced Streaming Format
ASF - Advanced Systems Format
ASI - Asynchronous Serial Interface
ASN - Abstract Syntax Notation
ASP - Advanced Simple Profile
ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment
ATIS - Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATSC - Advanced Television Systems Committee
ATV - Analog Television
ATVEF - Advanced Television Enhancement Forum
AU - Audio File Format
AUX - Auxiliary
Avail - Advertising Availability
AV - Audio Video
AVI - Audio Video Interleaved
AVT - AV Transport Service
AWT - Abstract Widowing Toolkit
B2B Advertising - Business to Business Advertising
B2B - Business to Business
B2C - Business to Consumer
BCG - Broadband Content Guide
BCG - Broadcast Cable Gateway
BFS - Broadcast File System
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol
BIFF - Binary Interchange File Format
BIOP - Basic Input Output Protocol
BLC - Broadband Loop Carrier
BML - Broadcast Markup Language
BMP - BitMaP
BOF - Business Operations Framework
BPP - Bits Per Pixel
BPS - Bits Per Second
Broadband TV - Broadband Television
bslbf - Bit Serial Leftmost Bit First
BTA - Broadcasting Technology Association in Japan
BTSC - Broadcast Television Systems Committee
BUC - Buffer Utilization Control
CableCARD - Cable Card
CA - Central Arbiter
CA - Certificate Authority
CA - Conditional Access
CAT - Conditional Access Table
CATV - Cable Television
CCBS - Customer Care And Billing System
CC - Closed Caption
CCIR - Comite' Consultatif International de Radiocommunications
CCTV - Closed - Circuit Television
CDA - Compact Disc Audio
CDA - Content Distribution Agreement
CDATA - Character Data
CDI - Content Digital Item
CDR - Common Data Representation
CDS - Content Directory Service
CEA - Consumer Electronics Association
CE - Consumer Electronics
CEPCA - Consumer Electronics Powerline Communication Alliance
CERN - Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire
CF - Compact Flash
CG - Character Generator
CGM - Consumer Generated Media
CI - Common Interface
CLUT - Color Look-Up Table
CM - Configuration Management
CM - Connection Manager Service
CMTS - Cable Modem Termination System
CN - Core Network
Coax Amp - Coaxial Amplifier
COFDM - Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
COM - Common Object Model
Co-op - Cooperative Advertising
CORBA - Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CP - Control Point
CPL - Composition Playlist
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRID - Content Reference Identifier
CRL - Certificate Revocation List
CRLF - Carriage Return Followed by a Line Feed
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube
CSM - Component Splice Mode
CSP - Communication Service Provider
CSRC - Contributing SouRCe
CSS - Cascading Style Sheets
CSS - Content Scramble System
CSS - Customer Support System
CTAB - Cable Television Advisory Board
CTEA - Copyright Term Extension Act
CTL - Certificate Trust List
CUTV - Catch Up Television
CVBS - Color Video Blank and Sync
CVCT - Cable Virtual Channel Table
DAC - Digital To Analog Converter
DAI - Digital Item Adaptation
DASE - DTV Application Software Environment
DAU - Data Access Unit
DAVIC - Digital Audio Video Council
DCAS - Downloadable Conditional Access System
DCC Table - Direct Channel Change Table
DCC - Directed Channel Change
DCCP - Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
DCCT - Discrete Channel Change Table
DCD - Document Content Description
DCG - Data Channel Gateway
DCH - Dedicated Channel
DCI - Digital Cinema Initiative
DCM - Device Control Module
DCT - Discrete Cosine Transform
DDB - Download Data Block
DDE - Declarative Data Essence
DDI - Data Driven Interaction
DEBn - Data Elementary Stream Buffer
DEBSn - Data Elementary Stream Buffer Size
DECT - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone
DER - Definite Encoding Rules
DES - Data Elementary Stream
DES - Data Encryption Standard
DET - Data Event Table
DFT - Discrete Fourier Transform
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DH - Diffie Hellman
DHN - Digital Home Network
DHS - Digital Home Standard
DHTML - Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language
DIB - Device Independent Bitmap
DiffServ - Differentiated Services
Digitizing Tablet - Digitizing Pad
DII - Download Info Indication
DLNA - Digital Living Network Alliance
DLP - Discrete Logarithm Problem
DMA Engine - Direct Memory Access Engine
DMA - Digital Media Adapter
DMA - Direct Memory Access
DMC - Digital Media Controller
DMD - Digital Media Downloader
DMIF - DSM - CC Multimedia Integration Framework
DMP - Digital Media Player
DMPr - Digital Media Printer
DMR - Digital Media Renderer
DMS - Digital Media Server
DOCSIS+ - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification Plus
DOCSISŽ - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DOM - Document Object Model
DPI - Digital Program Insertion
DPX - Digital Picture eXchange
DRAM - Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRM - Digital Rights Management
Drop Amp - Drop Amplifier
DSA - Digital Signature Algorithm
DSCP - Differentiated Services Code Point
DS - Distribution Service
DSI - Data Service Initiate
DSM-CC - Digital Storage Media Command and Control
DSM-CC-OC - Digital Storage Media-Command and Control Object Carousel
DSM-CC-UU - Digital Storage Media-Command and Control User to User
DSM - Digital Storage Media
DSNG - Digital Satellite News Gathering
DSP - Digital Signal Processor
DSS - Digital Satellite System
DSS - Digital Signature Standard
DST - Data Service Table
DTC - Direct to Consumer
DTD - Document Type Definition
DTH - Direct To Home
DTLA - Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator
DTS - Decode Time Stamp
DTS - Digital Theater Sound
DTS - Digital Theater Systems
DTT - Digital Terrestrial Television
DTV - Digital Television
Dub - Dubbing
DV Camcorder - Digital Video Camcorder
DV25 - Digital Video 25
DVB-ASI - Digital Video Broadcast-Asynchronous Serial Interface
DVB - Digital Video Broadcast
DVB-MHP - Digital Video Broadcasting Multimedia Home Platform
DVBSI - Digital Video Broadcast Service Information
DVD - Digital Video Disc
DVE - Digital Video Effect
DVI - Digital Visual Interface
DVR - Digital Video Recorder
DVS - Digital Video Service
DWDM - Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
EAS - Emergency Alert System
EBS - Emergency Broadcast System
EBU - European Broadcasting Union
ECMA - European Commerce Applications Script
ECMA - European Computer Manufactures Association
ECM - Enterprise Content Management
ECM - Entitlement Control Messages
EDCA - Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
EDL - Edit Decision List
EDS - Extended Data Services
EDTV - Enhanced Definition Television
EE - Execution Engine
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFF - Electronic Frontier Foundation
EFS - Error Free Seconds
EFTA - European Free Trade Association
EIT - Event Information Table
EKE - Encrypted Key Exchange
EOD - Everything on Demand
EPF - Electronic Picture Frame
EPG - Electronic Programming Guide
ESCR - Elementary Stream Clock Reference
ES - Elementary Stream
E-Tailers - Electronic Retailers
ETM - Extended Text Message
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETT - Extended Text Table
EUMID - Extended Unique Material Identifier
Euro-DOCSIS - European Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
E-Wallet - Electronic Wallet
FAB - Fulfillment, Assurance, and Billing
FCC - Federal Communications Commission
FDC - Forward Data Channel
FDDI - Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FES - Front End Server
FIPS - Federal Information Processing Standards
FMC - Fixed Mobile Convergence
FOD - Free on Demand
Forward OOB - Forward Out of Band Channel
FOSS - Free Open Source Software
FourCC - Four Character Code
FPA - Front Panel Assembly
FTA - Free to Air
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
FTTC - Fiber To The Curb
FW - Firmware
GCT - Global Color Table
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GP - Graphics Processor
GPS - Global Positioning System
GSM - Global System For Mobile Communications
GUI - Graphic User Interface
GXF - General eXchange Format
HAL - Hardware Abstraction Layer
HANA - High-Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance
HAVi - Home Audio Video Interoperability
HCCA - HCF Coordination Channel Access
HCCA - Hybrid Coordination Function Controlled Channel Access
HCNA - HPNA Coax Network Adapter
HD - High Definition
HD-PLC - High Definition Power Line Communication
HDTV - High Definition Television
HFC - Hybrid Fiber Coax
HID - Home Infrastructure Device
HITS - Headend in the Sky
HMS - Headend Management System
HMS - Hosted Media Server
HND - Home Network Device
HomePlug AV - HomePlug Audio Visual
HomePNA - Home Phoneline Networking Alliance
HP - High Profile
HSM - Hierarchical Storage Management
HSTB - Hybrid Set Top Box
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
HVN - Home Video Network
iAD - Interactive Advertisements
IANA - Internet Assigned Numbering Authority
ICAP - Interactive Communicating Application Protocol
ICC - International Color Consortium
ICG - Interactive Cable Gateway
IC - Integrated Circuit
IDCT - Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform
IDEA - International Data Encryptions Algorithm
IDE - Integrated Development Environment
IDE - Integrated Drive Electronics
IDL - Interface Definition Language
IEEE - Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
IF Switching - Intermediate Frequency Switching
IF - Intermediate Frequency
IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol
IHDN - In-Home Digital Networks
IIC - Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus
IIF - IPTV Interoperability Forum
IIOP - Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
IKE - Internet Key Exchange
IMS - IP Multimedia System
Inline Amp - Inline Amplifier
InstanceID - Instance Identifier
IOR - Interoperable Object Reference
IP STB - Internet Protocol Set Top Box
IPCATV - Internet Protocol Cable Television
IPDC - Internet Protocol Datacasting
IPDC - Internet Protocol Device Control
IPG - Interactive Programming Guide
IP - Internet Protocol
IPMP - Intellectual Property Management and Protection
IPPV - Impulse Pay Per View
IPR - Intellectual Property Rights
IPTV - Internet Protocol Television
IPTV - IP Television Service
IPVBI - IP Multicast over VBI
IR Blaster - Infrared Blaster
IR Receiver - Infrared Receiver
IRD - Integrated Receiver and Decoder
IRT - Integrated Receiver and Transcoder
ISAN - International Standard Audiovisual Number
ISBN - International Standard Book Number
ISDB - Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
IS - Intensity Stereo
ISMA - Internet Media Streaming Alliance
ISO - International Standards Organization
ISP - Internet Service Provider
ISR - Interrupt Service Routine
ITU - International Telecommunication Union
iTV - Internet TV
IVG - Integrated Video Gateway
IWS - Initial Working Set
JAAS - Java Authencation and Authroization Service
JAR - Java Archive
JCA - Java Cryptography Architecture
JCE - Java Cryptography Extentions
JCIC - Joint Committee on Intersociety Coordination
JDK - Java Development Kit
JFIF - JPEG File Interchange Format
JMF - Java Media Framework
JNG - JPEG Network Graphics
JNI - Java Native Interface
JNM - Java Native Methods
JPEG2000 - Joint Picture Experts Group 2000
JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group
Jscript - JavaScript
JS - Joint Stereo
JSSE - Java Secure Socket Extension
JVM - Java Virtual Machine
kbps - Kilo bits per second
KDF - Key Derivation Function
Killer App - Killer Application
KLV - Key Length Value
KoD - Karaoke on Demand
KPI - Key Performance Indicator
KQI - Key Quality Indicators
LAES - Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance
LAN - Local Area Network
LBI - Late Binding Interface
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LCN - Logical Channel Number
LFE - Low Frequency Enhancement
LID - Local Identifier
Linear TV - Linear Television
Liquid LSP - Liquid Label Switched Path
LISP - LIS Processing
LLC-SNAP - Logical Link Control-Sub Network Access Protocol
LLU - Local Loop Unbundling
LMDS - Local Multichannel Distribution Service
LMDS - Local Multipoint Distribution System
LOC - Local Operations Center
LP-1 - Local Primary Monitoring Station First
LP-2 - Local Primary Monitoring Station Alternate
LSD - Logical Screen Descriptor
LSF - Low Sampling Frequency
MAC - Media Access Control
MAC - Medium Access Control
MAC - Message Authentcation Code
MAP - Media Access Plan
MBGP - Multicast Border Gateway Protocol
MB - Media Block
MBONE - Multicast Backbone
Mbps - Millions of bits per second
MCard - Multiple Stream CableCARD
M-CMTS - Modular Cable Modem Termination System
MCNS - Multimedia Cable Network System
MCR - Master Control Room
MDCT - Modified Discrete Cosine Transformation
MDD - Metadata Dictionary
MDI - Media Delivery Index
MER - Modulation Error Ratio
MGG-LC - Low Complexity MNG
MG - Minimum Guarantee
MGT - Master Guide Table
MHD - Mobile Handheld Device
MHEG - Multimedia/Hypermedia Expert Group
MHP - Multimedia Home Platform
Microchannel - Television Micro Channel
MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MITRE - Missile Test and Readiness Equipment
MIU - Media Interoperability Unit
MJPEG - Motion JPEG
MMDS - Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service
MMDS - Multipoint Microwave Distribution System
MMS - Microsoft Media Server Protocol
MMU - Memory Management Unit
MNG - Multiple image Network Graphics
MoCA - Multimedia over Coax Alliance
MOV - QuickTime MOVie format
MP3 - Motion Picture Experts Group Layer 3
MP3 - Motion Picture Experts Group Level 3
MP4 - MPEG-4
MPEG - Motion Picture Experts Group
MPEGoIP - MPEG over Internet Protocol
MP - Main Profile
MPTS Feed - Multiprogram Transport Stream Feed
MPTS - Multiprogram Transport Stream
MRD - Marketing Requirements Document
MRD - MPEG-2 Registration Descriptor
MRLE - Microsoft Run Length Encoding
MSB - Most Significant Bit
MSDP - Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
MSE - Mean Square Error
MS - Media Server
MSO - Multiple System Operator
MTFTP - Multicast Trivial File Transfer Protocol
MTT - Mobile Terrestrial Television
MTU - Maximum Transmission Unit
MuX - Multiplexer
MVDDS - Multichannel Video Distribution and Data Service
MVPD - Multichannel Video Program Distributor
MXF - Material eXchange Format
NAB - National Association Of Broadcasters
NABTS - North American Basic Teletext Specification (EIA_516)
NAL - Network Abstraction Layer
NAN - Not A Number
NCF - Network Connectivity Function
NCTA - National Cable Television Association
Net - Internet
NICAM - Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplexing
NIC - Network Interface Card
NI - Network Interface
NISDN - Narrrow-band Integration Services Digital Network
NIST - National Institute Of Standards And Technology
NNW - No New Wires
NOC - National Operations Center
NOC - Network Operations Center
NPT - Normal Play Time
NPVR - Network Personal Video Recorder
NRT - Network Resources Table
NSAP - Network Service Access Point
NTP - Network Time Protocol
NTSC - National Television System Committee
NUT - Net UDP Throughput
NVOD - Near Video On Demand
OBE - Out of Box Experience
OCAP - Open Cable Application Platform
OC - Object Carousel
On Airwaves - On-Air
OOB Channel - Out of Band Channel
OOB Receiver - Out of Band Receiver
OPERA - Open PLC European Research Alliance
ORB - Object Request Broker
OSD - On Screen Display
OSGI - Open Systems Gateway Initiative
OS - Operating System
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First
OSS - Operations Support System
OUI - Organization Unique Identifier
P2P - Peer to Peer
PAL - Phase Alternating Line
PAM - Pulse Amplitude Modulation
Parametric QoS - Parametric Quality of Serivce
PAT - Program Association Table
PBS - Public Broadcast Service
PCDATA - Parsed Character Data
PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA - Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PCM - Pulse Coded Modulation
PCR - Production Control Room
PCR - Program Clock Reference
PDA - Personal Digital Assistant
PDM - Pulse Duration Modulation
PDV - Packet Delay Variation
PEM - Privacy Enhanced Mail
PE - Presentation Engine
PER - Packet Error Rate
PES - Packetized Elementary Stream
PFR - Portable Font Resource
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
PID Dropping - Packet Identifier Dropping
PID - Packet Identifier
PIG - Picture in Graphics
PIMDM - Protocol Independent Multicase Dense Mode
PIM - Protocol Independent Multicast
PIP - Picture in Picture
PKI - Public Key Infrastructure
PKIX - PKI X.509
Play-List - Playlist
PLC - Power Level Control
PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
PLTV - Pause Live Television
PMI - Portable Media Interface
PMP - Portable Media Player
PMS - Personal Media Server
PMS - Property Management System
PMT - Program Map Table
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
POD - Personal Operable Device
POD - Point of Deployment
POD - Point of Deployment Module
POE - Point of Entry
POTS - Plain Old Telephone Service
PPD - Pay Per Day
PPV - Pay Per View
Preamp - Pre-Amplifier
Private TV - Private Television
PSIP - Program and System Information Protocol
PSI - Program Specific Information
PSM - Program Splice Mode
PSNR - Peak Signal to Noise Ratio
PSTD - Program System Target Decoder
PSTN - Public Switched Telephone Network
PSU - Pillow Speaker Unit
PTS - Presentation Time Stamp
PU - Presentation Unit
Push VOD - Push Video on Demand
PVR - Personal Video Recorder
QAM - Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QoS Policy - Quality of Service Policy
QoS - Quality Of Service
QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
QT Atoms - Quicktime Atoms
RADIUS - Remote Access Dial In User Service
RAI - Resource Adaptation Engine
RAM - Random Access Memory
RA - Registration Authority
RAS - Remote Access Server
RAS - Rights Access System
RCC - Reverse Control Channel
RC - Remote Control
RCS - Rendering Control Service
RDC - Reverse Data Channel
RDF - Resource Description Framework
RDP - Remote Display Protocol
Regional VHO - Regional Video Hub Office
Reverse OOB - Reverse Out of Band Channel
RF Bypass - Radio Frequency Bypass Switch
RF Modulator - Radio Frequency Modulator
RF Out - Radio Frequency Output
RFC - Request For Comments
RGBA - Red Green Blue Alpha
RGB - Red, Green, Blue,
RG - Residential Gateway
RHVO - Remote Video Hub Operation
RIFF - Resource Interchange File Format
RM - RealMedia
ROM - Read Only Memory
RPC - Regional Protection Control
RPF - Reverse Path Forwarding
RP - Rendezvous Point
RPTV - Rear Projection Television
RRT - Rating Region Table
RSA - Rivest, Shamir, Adleman
RSS - Really Simple Syndication
RSVP - Resource Reservation Protocol
RTCP - Real-Time Transport Control Protocol
RTOS - Real Time Operating System
RTP - Real Time Protocol
RTSP - Real Time Streaming Protocol
RTSPT - Real Time Streaming Protocol over TCP
RTSPU - Real Time Streaming Protocol over UDP
S/PDIF - Sony Philips Digital InterFace
SAN - Storage Area Network
SAP - Secondary Audio Program
SAP - Session Announcement Protocol
SAS - Subscriber Authorization System
SBB - Set Back Box
SBNS - Satellite and Broadcast Network System
SCard - Single Stream CableCARD
SCP - Service Control Protocol
SCR - System Clock Reference
SCSI - Small Computer Systems Interface
SCTE - Society of Cable Telecommunication Engineers
SDD - Self Describing Device
SDF - Service Description Framework
SDH - Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDI - Serial Digital Interface
SDK - Software Development Kit
SDP - Session Description Protocol
SDS - Service Discovery and Selection
SD - Standard Definition
SDT - Service Description Table
SDTV - Standard Definition Television
SDV - Switched Digital Video
SECAM - Sequential Couleur Avec MeMoire
SELT - Single Ended Line Test
SGML - Standard Generalized Markup Language
SGW - Service Gateway
SHE - Super Headend
SID - Service Identifier
SII - Station Identification Information
SI - Service Information
SI - System Information
SMATV - Satellite Master Antenna Television
SMBUS - System Management Bus
SMIL - Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
SMS - Screen Management System
SMS - Subscriber Management System
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
SOC - System On Chip
Softkeys - Soft Keys
SPG - Synchronization Pulse Generator
SP - Simple Profile
SRM - Session and Resource Manager
SRTP - Secure Real Time Protocol
SRTS - Synchronous Residual Time Stamp
SSH - Secure Shell
STC - System Time Clock
Stereo - Stereophonic
STP - Service Transport Protocol
STS - System Time Stamp
Studio - Movie Studio
STV - Subscription Television
Stylesheet - Style Sheet
S-Video - Separate Video
SVOD - Subscription Video on Demand
Sync Impairment - Synchronization Impairments
TFS - Transient File System
TFS - Transport File System
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Timestamp - Time Stamp
T - Mail - Television Mail
TMS - Theater Management System
Transport ID - Transport Identifier
TRT - Total Running Time
TSFS - Transport Stream File System
TSTV - Time Shift Television
TSTV - Time Shifted Television
TTS - Text To Speech
TV Centric - Television Centric
TV Channel - Television Channel
TV Portal - Television Portal
TV Studio - Television Studio
TVoF - Television over Fiber
TXOP - Transmission Opportunity
UGC - User Generated Content
UI - User Interface
UMB - Ultra Mobile Broadband
UMID - Unique Material Identifier
UPA - Universal Powerline Association
Upfronts - Upfront Advertising
UPnP AV - Universal Plug and Play Audio Visual
UPnP - Universal Plug and Play
USC - User Selectable Content
USM - User Services Management
VBI - Video Blanking Interval
vBook - Video Book
VBR Feed - Variable Bit Rate Feed
VBV - Video Buffer Verifier
VCL - Video Coding Layer
VCO - Video Central Office
VCT - Virtual Channel Table
VC - Virtual Channel
VDN - Video Distribution Network
V-Factor - V Factor
VHO - Video Hub Office
Video Ringtone - Video Ring Tone
Virtual TV Channel - Virtual Television Channel
VLE - Variable Length Encoding
VM - Virtual Machine
VOD - Video On Demand
VQI - Video Quality Index
VQM - Video Quality Measurement
VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language
VSO - Video Serving Office
WMA - Windows Media Audio
WMM - Wi-Fi Multimedia
WM - Windows Media
WTCG - Watch This Channel Grow
X3D - Extensible 3D
XDI - Context Digital Item
XSLT - XML Stylesheet Language Transformation

3How to use and make m3u list Empty Re: How to use and make m3u list Mon Oct 27, 2014 5:42 pm

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SATWORLD ELITE

1. Introduction
In the 21st century, the access with broadband internet and downstream data rates of several Megabit per second (Mbit/s) is making a steady progress. With the increasing number of households are getting used to video streaming and download, use of the Internet Protocol (IP) to enable interactive retrieval of video content from the Web. This type of IP based television service is known as WebTV. However WebTV does not provide a guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Therefore now the telecommunication companies are making an attempt to overcome the deficiencies of WebTV and launched the so-called IPTV.

1.1 What is IPTV
Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) is a system where a digital television service is delivered over Internet Protocol network. Werner describes that “IPTV is not a welldefined term and may be a source or ambiguity and sometimes confusion”.
IPTV works on the TV with a set-top box that accesses channels, subscription services, on demand and other interactive multimedia services over a secure, end-to-end operator managed broadband IP data network with desired QoS to the public with a broadband Internet connection.
Read more »
2. Current IPTV and Its Evolution
2.1 IPTV Deployment
IPTV is a system of delivering television content to consumers over the infrastructure of the Internet. With the proliferation of broadband networks set up by telephone companies to offer broadband Internet to consumers, IPTV has overcome the problem of having limited bandwidth that was once a major barrier to deployment.
Currently there are two different ways consumers can get IPTV. They can buy a "set topbox" which will convert an IPTV signal and play it on their television. The other option is to watch on a PC. Many IPTV service providers also offer voice and data capabilities with the IPTV service, making it a true "triple play" use of the broadband network. In the market of broadband applications IPTV is a major upset. With the advent of IPTV, many cable television companies are being expelled from the market of providing low cost television, data and voice broadband applications to consumers.
Business applications are also in development. Services such as streaming video are widely available on IPTV due to the scalability of the medium. The categories within IPTV are still gel, but possibilities are still wide open as to which of the many versions of IPTV will become standard. Companies are in the initial struggle to become leaders of the market, but at this point it is anyone's game. There is no doubt that IPTV is the next generation for television content, but it has yet to be determined which companies will be the benefactors of the innovations that are now taking place.

Read more »
3. IPTV Building Blocks
The home gateway has to have powerful processing power and enough network bandwidth to provide networking service and to cope with various customers. In order for a system operator to deliver IPTV, it would require encoding, broadcast, and do the appropriate management before the end user can connect their set-top-box.

IPTV Basic Building Blocks
4. IPTV Architecture

A typical IPTV architecture is comprised of the following functional blocks:
• Super head-end: Where most of the IPTV channels enter the network from national broadcasters
• Core network: Usually an IP/MPLS network transporting traffic to the access network
• Access network: Distributes the IPTV streams to the DSLAMs
• Regional head-end: Where local content is added to the network
• Customer premises: Where the IPTV stream is terminated and viewed


Typical IPTV System Architecture

For a very large IPTV delivery system, there is often a hierarchy of facilities constructed to deliver video signals across a large expanse of territory. One Super Head-end can serve millions of customers by processing the video channels that are common to all subscribers across the serving area. A Video Serving Office is located in each region as required to handle local programming and channels specific to a single city or geographic area. The Remote Terminal can serve as a Regional Head-end that contains the equipment needed to actually deliver the programming to customers in local area.

Broadcast information coming from an antenna or a satellite dish at the Super Headend is mainly distributed using MPEG-2 multi-program transport stream (MPTS) to the video service node. The distribution of the actual SDTV or HDTV channel content is performed using various devices on the access network, such as digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAM) and other technologies like fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) can be used to interface with the user’s STB. For IPTV, each channel is distributed using a multicast IP address.
5. IPTV Networking Technologies
IPTV technology is part of a new breed of services designed to facilitate access to video entertainment. It provides access to digital TV over the IP transport medium from a head-end device to the end user’s TV set-top box (STB). Most service providers use a dedicated transport network to support IPTV.

5.1 IP Distribution to the STB via DVB IPI
DVB has had a technical ad-hoc committee (TM-IPI) dedicated to IP distribution to the STB since 2000. It has a responsibility to provide a standard for the IP interface connected to the STB. The special feature about this technology in contract to the other standard bodies and traditional broadcast methodology is that it starts at the STB and then works to outwards.
The standards bodies of TM-IPI are shown in figure below.

IPTV related activities of selected standardisation bodies

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6. IPTV Standards and Solutions
Setting standards for IPTV would be difficult at best. There are multiple areas to cover, as IPTV is very broad subject, and the medium was not intended to transport audio and video when it was created. Moreover, some specific features of this medium allow some services while outdating some of the former schemes based on broadcast.
Standardization is important in the telecommunications industry. Especially when talking about such a complex and large system as IPTV. So it requires many standards for the user’s vote to be securely recorded when pressing the red button on the remote control. The main standards body for IPTV has emerged to be ETSI (European Telecommunications Standardization Institute), through the branch that develops standards for the “next generation networks”, which many telecom operators are deploying.
Table 1: The standards organisations driving IPTV



7.Set-top Boxes
An IP set-top box is a dedicated computing device that serves as an interface between a television set and a broadband network. In addition to decoding and rendering broadcast live TV signals, a set-top box provides functionality that includes video-on-demand (VOD), electronic program guide (EPG), digital rights management (DRM), and a variety of interactive and multimedia services. Set-top boxes can support additional features such as Web browsing, e-mail and viewing e-mail attachments, advanced multimedia codecs, home networking and PC connectivity including playback and rendering of content stored on the PC (photos, music, and personal videos), gateway functionality, instant messaging (IM), and real-time voice over IP (VoIP). These types of advanced functionality are in demand by end-users, enable incremental network operator service opportunities, and allow set-top box manufacturers to easily offer a large range of differentiated devices.
Also to provide secure delivery of satellite data in IPTV systems, service providers charge subscribing fee by scrambling the program in conditional access system using control words. At the receiver end, smart card is used to decrypt the control words and transfer them back to set-top box to descramble the scrambled program. Therefore, secure communication between set-top box and smart card is closely related with the benefit of service providers and the legal rights of users.
Current set-top box development is driven by service provider requirements and customer demand for new features. Priorities for service providers include the capacity to deploy, using minimal capital expenditures, new revenue-generating services and multimedia and entertainment-oriented applications on a set-top box to meet changing customer requirements over time. Service providers also need to ensure that copyrighted content is protected from unauthorized distribution. To accommodate these expectations, the set-top box operating system platform must be extensible and remotely upgradeable, and include both rich multimedia technologies and fundamental security features, such as access control.

Read more »
8. Control Technologies and solutions
8.1 Encryption of video and audio data
Encryption provides secure connections and protects data from unexpected modification by other outsiders. Encryption is the first step taking the raw video and audio and encoding it in a systematic way so as to become unreadable to anyone without the necessary key. Decryption is the reverse process which is taking the key and the encrypted file and decoding it to produce an exact copy of the original signal. The decoder needs to have exactly the same key for decryption that the encoder used for encryption.
Many different encryption systems have been designed that embody these core traits.
Some of the more common ones are listed below.

Smart Cards:
This is one of the common forms of key distribution for STBs. These cards are called “smart” because they incorporate a processor and memory that can be used by a variety of applications.
Each television channel has a unique decryption key that is created when the content is prepared for broadcast. When an authorized viewer wants to watch scrambled content, the viewer’s device sends a request to a central server. This server checks to see if the viewer is authorized to view the content. If so, the server locates the correct descrambling key for the desired content and encrypts it using the appropriate public key that corresponds to the user’s smart card. Then the server sends the encrypted descrambling key to the viewers’ device over the communication path. When it arrives, the encrypted key is fed into the smart card, and the smart card performs the decryption process. Then viewers’ STB can use the decrypted descrambling key to process the incoming signal and play the content for the viewer.

Watermarking:
Watermarking is the process of inserting data into video or audio streams to track usage or rove ownership of the streams. Digital watermarking capabilities that detect piracy to the guilty individual's set-top box.
Watermarking helps in rights enforcement when a unique watermark is created for each individual user. Individual watermarks can serve as a deterrent to unauthorized use of the content, since any misappropriate can be traced back to the specific source of the leak.

8.2 Digital Rights Management System
A Digital Rights Management (DRM) System is designed to protect the property rights of a content owner. This involves some form of encryption or scrambling that renders the content unwatchable without the appropriate key. The key is usually a numeric value that controls the operation of a descrambler or decryption device.

The DRM system also needs to be able to securely deliver the appropriate keys to authorized viewers’ STBs. With these keys, the STBs will be able to make sense of the incoming stream and display it properly. Key distribution needs to be secure to prevent unauthorized viewers from obtaining the keys either by deliberate action or unintentionally.
9. Home Networking
9.1 The importance of the home network connection
Today, people’s homes are becoming a place where members of the family use an increasingly large variety of different media devices. So the home-networking has been used for communication between digital divices deployed in home, usually iPods, mobile phones, DVD recorders, personal computers, gaming consoles, storage devices and many others. Home-network system allows users to share content regardless of where it originated or stored, control the delivery and access, allocate the bandwidth and integrate the new devices automatically.
The important function of Home-networking is that it uses IP to share the files and streams through the cable tv or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) provider. But generally uses may like to replace their old coaxial cables with more modern Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Power-Line Communications (PLC) or even Giga-bit Ethernet cabling.

Figure: Typical Home-Networking scenario

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10. Server/Head end hardware

To provide a successful IPTV offering, the video head-end effectively addresses following key requirements:
• Superior scalability and flexibility;
• MPEG-4 AVC encoders with better video quality at lower bit rates;
• Carrier-class reliability;
• Superior manageability;
• Proven head-end and middleware integration.

Head-end in an IPTV solution

Read more »
11. Implementation of IPTV services and issues

11.1 Implementation of IPTV
Figure shows a block diagram of the IPTV system. In order for a system operator to deliver IPTV, it would require to encode, broadcast, and do the appropriate management before the end user can connect their set-top-box.

Figure: System block diagram

11.1.1 Hardware Blocks
BF533 Processor:
Blackfin ADSP-BF533 is a high-performance member of the Blackfin family, were designed specifically to meet the computational demands and power constraints of embedded audio and video applications, delivering breakthrough signal-processing performance and power efficiency with a RISC programming model. There's also an advantage of Blackfin's memory architecture, particularly the direct memory architecture (DMA) and cache memory.

Read more »
12. Business Model
The IPTV service provides rich multimedia services over IP networks and is widely believed to be the next killer application over the Internet. It is generating a lot of interest, especially in potential service providers who are eager to develop successful business models that will ensure their survival in this emerging market. The success of an IPTV business will depend to a large extent on the ability of the service providers to provide the right IPTV contents and services to the right subscribers, at the right time and in a way that is most convenient and appealing to the subscribers.
For the services of IPTV, the sub working groups has started on identification of IPTV services, players/roles and the identification of business models. The contribution made by the companies and organizations mentioned are IPTV services scenarios using NACF over NGN, technical issues on IPTV standardization, commercial billing model of IPTV and others. Some of the proposed services for the IPTV focus group activities are pay per view (PPV), Interactive TV (iTV), Games, Presence service, Communications Messaging and many more as defined in.
The following sections describe some of the business models that can be used for IPTV system.

12.1 Free To Air (FTA)
One way for service providers to create revenue from this type is to charge users a fee to host their video content, to simplify sharing between friends and family members.
Another way to fund “free” video web portal is to sell advertising space on the portal itself or to push advertisements to viewers before the content is played.
The other common method is to offer preview of video content that needs to be purchased. For example, numbers of web sites have been created that provide free previews of these clips, along with the links to sites where they can purchase and downloaded.
In New Zealand Telstraclear service provider uses this FTA model to reach the subscribers.

Read more »
13. IPTV Performance Measure


13.1 Delivering IPTV service with QoE
The Quality of Experience (QoE) is the overall performance of a system from the point of view of the users. QoE is a measure of end-to-end performance at the services level from the user perspective and an indication of how well the system meets the user’s needs. This is highly subjective and takes into accounts many different factors beyond the quality of the service, such as service pricing, viewing environment, stress level and so on. The figure below shows us the IPTV QoE in the end-to-end model.


Figure: IPTV QoE in the end-to-end model

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14. Case Studies
14.1 Europe (France)
In France, there have 421,000 ADSL Television subscribers. Figure shows that this number growth over two years and with a cumulative annual growth rate of more than 150 percent. France had about 25 million television households, with approximately 3 million Community Antenna Television (CATV) subscribers and 4 million satellite subscribers. In June 2006, France had 11.7 million broadband subscribers, so in France, there were a huge number of potential IPTV viewers. Because a competitive market, the IPTV service price were very low. There only 16 Euros per month for more than 40 channels. For the 30 Euros basic triple-play package included high speed ADSL2+ Internet access, free voice calls to fixed lines in more than 20 countries and IPTV. Many customers were happy purchasing the triple-play package. The channel of IPTV offered was quite extensive. IPTV offered programming from a large number of other countries in Europe and Middle East. The total offered more than 200 channels. Another important reason have acted to drive subscribers to IPTV is High Definition (HD) content with VOD services. In France, the HD broadcast market was much less developed than the U.S. market at the time. This new services will be attract new customers to use IPTV.


France Telecom's IPTV Subscriber Growth 2004-2006

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List of Abbreviations
ACC Advanced Audio Coding
ADSL2+ Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 2+
API Application Programming Interface
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
CA Certificate Authority
CATV Community Antenna Television
CO Central Office
CPU Central Processing Unit
DTH Direct to Home
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DNS Domain Name System
Read more »
FRIDAY, AUGUST 1, 2014
Internet Television vs. IPTV

When we talk about Internet television and IPTV we tend to treat them as synonymous terms because Internet television represents a stream of IP datagrams that delivers MPEG frames generated by a television station. Although the two terms can be treated as synonyms, in reality they should be used to describe two different technologies. Thus, let’s focus on the true meaning of each technology to obtain an appreciation for how they actually differ from one another.

Internet Television
Internet television refers to the broadcast of news, weather, and TV shows from television stations that add an Internet interface to their over-the-air broadcasts. The Internet interface either takes selected station videotapes and converts them into a sequence of IP datagrams transporting, most commonly, MPEG-2 frames, or provides a “dawn-to-dusk” broadcast via the Internet of the station’s over-the-air transmission.
Viewing of station broadcasts on the Internet is accomplished via a media player. Typically, an Internet television station, which in effect represents a conventional television station that also broadcasts video via an Internet connection, limits its support to one type of media player, such as Microsoft’s Windows Media Player, Apple’s QuickTime Media Player, or Real Networks’ RealPlayer.
The media player supported provides the interface required to view the stream of IP datagrams on a desktop or laptop computer. Because media players support buffering of IP datagrams, a broadband connection to the Internet, although desirable, is not mandatory for viewing video. Now that we have a general appreciation for Internet television, let’s turn our attention to IPTV.

4How to use and make m3u list Empty Re: How to use and make m3u list Mon Oct 27, 2014 5:42 pm

ISRAEL4U

ISRAEL4U
SATWORLD ELITE

Internet Television vs. IPTV

When we talk about Internet television and IPTV we tend to treat them as synonymous terms because Internet television represents a stream of IP datagrams that delivers MPEG frames generated by a television station. Although the two terms can be treated as synonyms, in reality they should be used to describe two different technologies. Thus, let’s focus on the true meaning of each technology to obtain an appreciation for how they actually differ from one another.

Internet Television
Internet television refers to the broadcast of news, weather, and TV shows from television stations that add an Internet interface to their over-the-air broadcasts. The Internet interface either takes selected station videotapes and converts them into a sequence of IP datagrams transporting, most commonly, MPEG-2 frames, or provides a “dawn-to-dusk” broadcast via the Internet of the station’s over-the-air transmission.
Viewing of station broadcasts on the Internet is accomplished via a media player. Typically, an Internet television station, which in effect represents a conventional television station that also broadcasts video via an Internet connection, limits its support to one type of media player, such as Microsoft’s Windows Media Player, Apple’s QuickTime Media Player, or Real Networks’ RealPlayer.
The media player supported provides the interface required to view the stream of IP datagrams on a desktop or laptop computer. Because media players support buffering of IP datagrams, a broadband connection to the Internet, although desirable, is not mandatory for viewing video. Now that we have a general appreciation for Internet television, let’s turn our attention to IPTV.


IPTV
Although IPTV can be viewed as Internet television, the term’s intended usage is to describe the transmission of video, including movies, television, and concerts, at a high speed that enables subscribers with an applicable set-top box to view events on a television without buffering. Probably one of the most mentioned IPTV projects is Project Lightspeed initiated by SBC Communications (which acquired AT&T and assumed its name during 2006). Project Lightspeed, which was described earlier in this book, represents a private IP network that will deliver television, video on demand (VOD), and high-speed Internet access to millions of homes. Video will be decoded by a set-top box and delivered either directly to a connected television or via a home network to a remote television. Thus, the set-top box is an integral hardware component associated with IPTV whereas the media player represents an integral software component associated with Internet television viewing. Now that we have an appreciation for the similarities and differences of Internet television and IPTV, we will conclude this chapter by examining the evolving industry represented by Internet television.

2. Internet Television

From a handful of television stations viewable via the Internet a few years ago, this industry has exhibited explosive growth to the point where hundreds of stations were available for viewing during 2006. In this section we will look at a few individual Internet television sites as well as a Web site for connecting to and viewing tens of television stations located around the globe.

Evolution
Internet television dates to the mid-1990s, when Reid Johnson, a 20-year veteran of the television news business, founded the firm Internet Broadcasting. Its first television station Web site, www.Channel4000.com, went online during 1996.
The success of Channel 4000 became a model for expansion into additional markets. This expansion caught the attention of such media companies as the Hearst Corporation, the Washington Post, and the McGraw-Hill Companies, which became partners of Internet Broadcasting. By 2000, Internet Broadcasting produced more than 70 television Web sites that cumulatively received more than 12 million unique visitors monthly.
Although Internet Broadcasting has achieved significant success, including becoming number one in TV news in 18 of the top 25 markets in the United States, its Web sites use a mixture of video, text, and images to present the news. For example, consider NBC10.com, which is the Web site operated by Internet Broadcasting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. A user can elect to watch a video of the top story, read the story, or view images. In addition, under the “News” column on the left portion of the Web page visitors can select the “Video” entry, which will result in the display of a series of videos by predefined category. Currently, NBC10 limits its support of video to Windows Media Player.

Webcasting
At approximately the same time Internet Broadcasting was placing television stations on the Web, other organizations began to realize the potential of broadcasting movies and television shows. As other companies developed Web sites to broadcast video, the term “Webcasting” evolved. This term was initially used to reference the broadcasting of television programs, such as soap operas, news, and comedy shows, over the Internet. Later, the term was expanded to reference the electronic transmission of audio and video data over the Internet in realtime in the form of streaming audio and video. Thus, this newly expanded definition included music videos, movies, and other forms of audio-visual entertainment.

Advantages
A conventional television station is limited by the FCC as to its broadcast power. Thus, the conventional television station can be considered to be limited to a specific geographic market. This limitation affects advertising, which is the manner by which television stations obtain the majority of funds for their operation.
The development of satellites allowed television stations to break their former geographic barrier, because distant cable companies could negotiate deals that enabled television stations located in one area of the country to be carriers in a cable territory located in another portion of the country. Among the first television stations to break the geographic barrier was WTBS in Atlanta, which became known as a “super station” due to the large number of cable companies that carry its programming.
In an Internet environment it becomes possible for television stations to become “global super stations” because any user connected to the Internet via an applicable high-speed connection becomes capable of viewing the features of the site, including different types of video. Thus, it also becomes possible for television stations to expand their advertising base to national and international companies.

Legal Issues
Although the transmission of television Webcasting may appear to be simple, some legal issues must be considered. Those legal issues are associated with copyrighted material. Currently, most programming has licensing and distribution agreements that may be applicable to a geographic area or a country. When a television station offers such programming to Internet users, a key question is whether the station is now violating its licensing and distribution agreement. Another question that warrants consideration occurs when a foreign television station obtains foreign rights to programming produced in the United States and allows Internet users in the United States to view such programming. When this occurs, is the foreign television Webcaster accountable for copyright infringement under U.S. law? Although some initial U.S. rulings indicate that copyright infringement occurs when U.S. citizens located in the United States view copyrighted television programming originated in a foreign jurisdiction, the appeals process may require several years until this issue is fully resolved. Now that we have an appreciation for the evolution of Internet television and some of its legal issues, let’s turn our attention to television portals.

Internet Television Portals
One of the more recent developments in the wonderful world of Internet television is the establishment of portals that provide users with access to hundreds of Internet television stations located around the globe. One such portal is BeelineTV.com.
Looking at site, you will note a number to the left of each television station entry. That number identifies the Internet connection (in kilobits per second) required to view streaming video from the station. To the right of the station entry you will see the word “Real,” “Q time,” or “Media,” which identifies the type of media player required for viewing the station’s streaming media. Here, “Real” identifies Real Networks’ Real-Player, “Q time” identifies Apple Computer’s QuickTime Media Player, and “Media” identifies Microsoft’s Windows Media Player.
Through the BeelineTV.com Web site you can view television stations located in more than 20 countries. If you scroll down the site’s home page, you encounter more than 35 stations listed under the “English TV” category, including England’s BBC News, Canada’s CBC, and from the United States, AFTV Movie Classics and NASA TV.
To view certain stations using Windows Media Player, you will need to run an ActiveX control. The BeelineTV.com Web site will prompt you with an applicable message that, when accepted, will result in Windows Media Player opening in a separate window. The window that opened after this author selected the AFTV sci-fi/horror station. Note that from the new window in which the programming is displayed you have the option of viewing the channel schedule and doubling the screen size. Depending on the media player’s codec, it may or may not be a good idea to increase the screen size or change the view to full-screen mode. If your codec supports MPEG-2 and the station transmits streaming video in a lowresolution format, it will look awkward when switching to a larger screen size. However, if your media player supports MPEG-4, there is an H.264 movie station you can access to view movies on a full-screen basis with very good clarity. As more users begin to view video over the Internet, we can reasonably expect more stations to offer MPEG-4 streaming video and media players to eventually support the technology by default.

Other Portals
Although BeelineTV.com and other portals provide access to a large amount of free content, broadband video content from major news stations and other stations can be viewed only via a subscription service. Thus, some portals now charge a monthly or annual fee to view hundreds of stations, including subscription-only stations. As the industry matures it will be interesting to observe the difference in the growth of advertiser-supported Internet television versus subscription-based Internet television.

Individual Internet Stations
In addition to the use of a portal, you can dir ectly access various Internet television sites that may or may not be available for access via a portal. For example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Web site provides a link to NASA TV, which enables users to view press briefings and various scientific-related clips without cost. A second example of Internet television viewing is Israel National TV Note that you can choose to view news, interviews, and other types of video as well as purchase programming. This site envelopes Windows Media Player with a series of selections and text-based news, which illustrates how stations can tailor a media player to satisfy their operational requirements.

3. Summary

Today we are at the start of a revolution concerning the manner by which we access and view television stations connected to the Internet. Although current Internet connection speeds and media player capabilities make most Internet television viewing feel similar to viewing a modern television show on a TV set produced during the 1960s, evolving technology will change this situation for the better. As more capable codecs are added to media players, higher speed Internet access becomes more economical and available, and Internet television stations convert to H.264-compatible streaming media, we can reasonably expect its use to significantly increase. As this occurs, Internet television will join the ranks of other types of entertainment that on a daily basis compete for our attention.

5How to use and make m3u list Empty Re: How to use and make m3u list Mon Oct 27, 2014 5:43 pm

ISRAEL4U

ISRAEL4U
SATWORLD ELITE

About IPTV
DEFINITION
Historically, many different definitions of IPTV have appeared, including elementary streams over IP networks, transport streams over IP networks and a number of proprietary systems.
One official definition approved by the International Telecommunication Union focus group on IPTV (ITU-T FG IPTV) is:
"IPTV is defined as multimedia services such as television/video/audio/text/graphics/data delivered over IP based networks managed to provide the required level of quality of service and experience, security, interactivity and reliability."[1]
Another more detailed definition of IPTV is the one given by Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) IPTV Exploratory Group on 2005:
"IPTV is defined as the secure and reliable delivery to subscribers of entertainment video and related services. These services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand (VOD) and Interactive TV (iTV). These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video and control signals. In contrast to video over the public Internet, with IPTV deployments, network security and performance are tightly managed to ensure a superior entertainment experience, resulting in a compelling business environment for content providers, advertisers and customers alike."[2]
HISTORY
The term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of Precept Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico. Precept developed an Internet video product named IP/TV. IP/TV was a multicast backbone (MBONE) compatible Windows and Unix-based application that transmitted single and multi-source audio and video traffic, ranging from low to DVD quality, using both unicast and IP multicast Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Real time control protocol (RTCP). The software was written primarily by Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, and Cha Chee Kuan. Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998.[3] Cisco retains the IP/TV trademark.
Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live webcasts with content from WFAA-TV in January 1998 and KCTU-LP on January 10, 1998.[4]
Kingston Communications, a regional telecommunications operator in the UK, launched KIT (Kingston Interactive Television), an IPTV over digital subscriber line (DSL) broadband interactive TV service in September 1999 after conducting various TV and video on demand (VoD) trials. The operator added additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, a VoD content provider. Kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VoD over ADSL. In 2006, the KIT service was discontinued, subscribers having declined from a peak of 10,000 to 4,000.[5][6]
In 1999, NBTel (now known as Bell Aliant) was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in Canada[7][8] using the Alcatel 7350 DSLAM and middleware created by iMagic TV (owned by NBTel's parent company Bruncor[9]). The service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in New Brunswick, and later expanded into Nova Scotia in early 2000[10] after the formation of Aliant. iMagic TV was later sold to Alcatel.[11]
In 2002, Sasktel was the second in Canada to commercially deploy Internet Protocol (IP) video over DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform.[12] In 2006, it was the first North American company to offer high-definition television (HDTV) channels over an IPTV service.[13]
In 2003, Total Access Networks Inc launched an IPTV service, consisting of 100 free IPTV stations worldwide.[citation needed]
In 2005, Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden. As of January 2009, they are not the biggest supplier any longer;TeliaSonera, who launched their service later now has more customers.[14]
In 2006, Verzion FiOS launched its FiOS product, IPTV service in the United States, comprising a national head end and regional video-serving offices. Verizon offered over 300 channels in 11 cities with more to be added in 2007 and beyond. In March 2009, Verizon announced that FiOS had expanded to 100 or more high-definition channels in every FiOS market. Verizon FiOS Lineup Expands to 100 or More High Definition Channels in Every FiOS TV Market. While using Internet protocols, Verizon built a private IP network exclusively for video transport.
In 2007, TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV. Complementary to its ADSL2+ package this was, and still is,[when?] free of charge to customers on eligible plans and now[when?] offers over 45 local free to air channels and international channels.[citation needed] By 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans but with extra fees.[15]
In 2008, PTCL launched IPTV under the brand name of PTCL Smart TV. This service is available in 50 major cities of the country offering 140 live channels and more than 500 titles for VOD with key features such as
Time-Shift Television
Parental Control
EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
VOD (Video on Demand)
NVOD (Near Video on Demand)[16]
In 2009, the company ZaapTV™ came out with the IPTV receiver ZaapTV™ HD1009N, a receiver that could bring live channels from all over the world. Successfully now in 2013 (now at its fourth generation model) it is still in the market as one of the leading brands in the industry with streaming of over 1,200 live channels. Its wide success is accredited by the strong impact it has in the United States market.[17]
In 2010, CenturyLink – after acquiring Embarq (2009) and Qwest (2010) – entered five U.S. markets with an IPTV service called Prism.[18] This was after successful test marketing in Florida.
In 2011, TOT (Television Organization of Thailand) Launched IPTV service over its ADSL service. The offering has four tiers of service from a basic platform of free over the air channels in Thai language to a full slate of entertainment packages offering various international satellite networks in Thai, English, French, Korean, Indian and Arabic languages.
In 2012, dTMediaTV [3] launched its IPTV service over the ADSL service offered by Direct Telecom to its customers. Currently they offer UK IPTV service to UK Expats all over the world offering UK, Russian & German language FTV/FTA Channels. The IPTV service can be enjoyed on a TV using a Set Top Box. Users can also enjoy directly on mobile devices such as the ipad, iphone and ipod from the browser without the need of installing Apps.
In 2013, Vmedia launched its IPTV service over its Cable/DSL service. Currently they offer IPTV within Ontario, Canada with hopes to be able to expand to all over Canada.[19]
In 2013 Hospitality IPTV Ltd launched OTT services for 40 live TV streaming channels throughout Australia and New Zealand under a secure OTT delivery platform as an expansion of hugely successful previous IPTV closed network platforms.[citation needed]
During the 2014 Winter Olympics Shortest path bridging (IEEE 802.1aq) was used to deliver 36 IPTV HD Olympic channels.

Promise
The technology was hindered by low broadband penetration and by the relatively high cost of installing wiring capable of transporting IPTV content reliably in the customer's home.[citation needed] However, residential IPTV was expected to grow[original research?] as broadband was available to more than 200 million households worldwide in 2005.[20]
In December 2009, the FCC began looking into using set-top boxes to make TVs with cable or similar services into network video players. FCC Media Bureau Chief Bill Lake had said earlier that TV and the Internet would soon be the same, but only 75 percent of homes had computers, while 99 percent had TV. A 2009 Nielsen survey found 99 percent of video viewing was done on TV.[21]
MARKETS

Map of IPTV countries of the world.[citation needed]
Countries where IPTV is available in at least some parts of the country
The number of global IPTV subscribers was expected to grow from 28 million in 2009 to 83 million in 2013. Europe and Asia are the leading territories in terms of the over-all number of subscribers. But in terms of service revenues, Europe and North America generate a larger share of global revenue, due to very low average revenue per user (ARPU) in China and India, the fastest growing (and ultimately, the biggest markets) is Asia. The global IPTV market revenues are forecast to grow from US$12 billion in 2009 to US$38 billion in 2013.[22]
Services also launched in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Pakistan, Canada, Croatia,Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Mongolia, Romania, Serbia,Slovenia,[23] the Netherlands,[24] Georgia, Greece, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary,[25][26] Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Lithuania, Turkey, Colombia and Chile. TheUnited Kingdom launched IPTV early and after a slow initial growth, in February 2009 BTannounced that it had reached 398,000 subscribers to its BT Vision service.[27] Claro has launched their own IPTV service called "Claro TV". This service is available in several countries in which they operate, such as Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua. IPTV is just beginning to grow in Central and Eastern Europe and Latin America, and now it is growing in South Asian countries such as Sri Lanka, Pakistan and especially India.[28] but significant plans exist in countries such asRussia. Kazakhstan introduced[29] its own IPTV services by the national provider Kazakhtelecom JSC[30] and content integrator Alacast under the "iD TV" brand in two major cities Astana and Almaty in 2009 and is about to go nationwide starting 2010.[dated info] Australian ISP iiNet launched Australia's first IPTV with fetchtv.[31]
The first IPTV service to launch on the Chinese mainland sells under the "BesTV" brand and is currently available in the cities of Shanghai and Harbin.[32] In India, IPTV was launched by Airtel and the government service provider MTNL and BSNL through tie up with AKSH and is available in most of the major cities of the country. Meanwhile, UF Group which is the franchise owner for UFO movies in Southern India plans to offer multiple host of services such as customer's movies on demand, shopping online, video conferencing, media player, e-learning on their single IPTV set top box branded as Emagine.[33]
In Sri Lanka, IPTV was launched by Sri Lanka Telecom (operated by SLT VisionCom) in 2008, under the brand name of PEO TV. This service is available in whole country.
In Pakistan, IPTV was launched by PTCL in 2008, under the brand name of Smart TV. This service is available in most major cities of the country.
In Malaysia, various companies have attempted to launch IPTV services since 2005. Failed PayTV provider MiTV attempted to use an IPTV-over-UHF service but the service failed to take off. Hypp.TV was supposed to use an IPTV-based system, but not true IPTV as it does not provide a set-top box and requires users to view channels using a computer. True IPTV providers available in the country at the moment are Fine TV and DETV. In Q2 2010, Telekom Malaysia launched IPTV services through their fiber to the home product UniFi in select areas. In April 2010, Astro began testing IPTV services on TIME dotCom Berhad's high-speed fiber to the homeoptical fibre network. In December 2010, Astro began trials with customers in high-rise condominium buildings around the Mont Kiara area. In April 2011, Astrocommercially launched its IPTV services under the tag line "The One and Only Line You'll Ever Need", a triple play offering in conjunction with TIME dotCom Berhad that provides all the Astro programming via IPTV, together with voice telephone services and broadband Internet access all through the same fibre optic connection into the customer's home.
In Turkey, TTNET launched IPTV services under the name IPtivibu in 2010. It was available in pilot areas in the cities of Istanbul, İzmir and Ankara. As of 2011, IPTV service is launched as a large-scale commercial service and widely available across the country under the trademark "Tivibu EV".[34][35] Superonline plans to provide IPTV under the different name "WebTV" in 2011. Türk Telekom started building the fiber optic substructure for IPTV in late 2007.
In Iran, Shima is the first IPTV service provider, launched its pilot in 2011.
In Saudi Arabia, MAHEC is offering Hospitality TV (IPTV) powered by NEVRON with complete design, installation and maintenance services.
For hospitality
Besides targeting the homes, vendors target IPTV services to the hospitality sector. IPTV is a natural progression from the pay-per-view and video on demandofferings. Some players such as Locatel, Select-TV, VDA, and Tivus have started offering IPTV to the hotels before moving into the homes. In 2013 Locatel Company launched the most comprehensively integrated IPTV platform available into new markets in Australia, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Ethiopia and Sri Lanka.[citation needed]
ARCHITECTURE
Elements
TV head-end: where live TV channels are encoded, encrypted and delivered in the form of IP multicast streams.
VOD platform: where on-demand video assets are stored and served when a user makes a request in the form of IP unicast stream.
Interactive portal: allows the user to navigate within the different IPTV services, such as the VOD catalog.
Delivery network: the packet switched network that carries IP packets (unicast and multicast).
Home gateway: the piece of equipment at the user's home that terminates the access link from the delivery network.
User's set-top box: the piece of equipment at the user's home that decodes and decrypts TV and VOD content and displays it on the TV screen.
Architecture of a video server network
Home networking standards
Common name IEEE standard
HomePlug
HD-PLC 1901
Wi-Fi 802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
802.11n
802.11ac
Common name ITU-T recommendation
HomePNA 2.0 G.9951–3
HomePNA3.1/HomeGrid G.9954
G.hn/HomeGrid G.9960 (PHY)
G.hn/HomeGrid G.9961 (DLL/MAC)
G.hn/HomeGrid G.9962 (Management Plane)
G.hn-mimo G.9963
G.hn/HomeGrid G.9964 (PSD Management)
G.hnta G.9970
G.cx G.9972
v t e
Depending on the network architecture of the service provider, there are two main types of video server architecture that can be considered for IPTV deployment: centralized and distributed.
The centralized architecture model is a relatively simple and easy to manage solution. For example, as all contents are stored in centralized servers, it does not require a comprehensive content distribution system. Centralized architecture is generally good for a network that provides relatively small VOD service deployment, has adequate core and edge bandwidth and has an efficient content delivery network (CDN).
Distributed architecture is just as scalable as the centralized model, however it has bandwidth usage advantages and inherent system management features that are essential for managing a larger server network. Operators who plan to deploy a relatively large system should therefore consider implementing a distributed architecture model right from the start. Distributed architecture requires intelligent and sophisticated content distribution technologies to augment effective delivery of multimedia contents over service provider's network.[36]
Home networks
In many cases, the residential gateway that provides connectivity with the Internet access network is not located close to the IPTV set-top box. This scenario becomes very common as service providers start to offer service packages with multiple set-top boxes per subscriber.
Networking technologies that take advantage of existing home wiring (such as power lines,[37][38] phone lines or coaxial cables[39][40]) or of wireless hardware have become common solutions for this problem, although fragmentation in the wired home networking market has limited somewhat the growth in this market.[41][42]
In December 2008, ITU-T adopted Recommendation G.hn (also known as G.9960), which is a next-generation home networking standard that specifies a common PHY/MAC that can operate over any home wiring (power lines, phone lines or coaxial cables).[43] During 2012 IEC will adopt a prenorm for POF networking at Gigabit speed. This pre standard will specify a PHY that operates at an adaptable bit rate between 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s depending on the link power budget.
Groups such as the Multimedia over Coax Alliance, HomePlug Powerline Alliance, Home Phoneline Networking Alliance, and Quasar Alliance (Plastic Optical Fiber)[44]each advocate their own technologies.
IMS architecture
There is a growing standardization effort on the use of the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as an architecture for supporting IPTV services in carriers networks. Both ITU-T and ETSI are working on so-called "IMS-based IPTV" standards (see e.g. ETSI TS 182 027[45]). Carriers will be able to offer both voice and IPTV services over the same core infrastructure and the implementation of services combining conventional TV services with telephony features (e.g. caller ID on the TV screen) will become straightforward.[46] The MultiService Forum recently conducted interoperability of IMS-based IPTV solutions during its GMI event in 2008.[47]
PROTOCOLS
IPTV covers both live TV (multicast) as well as stored video-on-demand/VoD (unicast). Playback requires a broadband device connected to either a fixed or wireless IP network in the form of either a standalone personal computer or limited embedded OS device such as a smartphone, touch screen tablet, game console, connected TVor set-top box. Video compression is provided by either a H.263 or H.264 derived codec, audio compressed via a MDCT based codec and then encapsulated in either an MPEG transport stream or RTP packets or Flash Video packets for live or VoD streaming. IP multicasting allows for live data to be sent to multiple receivers using a single multicast group address. H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is commonly used for internet streaming over higher bit rate standards such as H.261 and H.263 which were more designed for ISDN video conferencing. H.262/MPEG-1/2 is generally not used as the bandwidth required would quite easily saturate a network which is why they are only used in single link broadcast or storage applications.
In standards-based IPTV systems, the primary underlying protocols used are:
Service provider based streaming:
IGMP for subscribing to a live multicast stream (TV channel) and for changing from one live multicast stream to another (TV channel change). IP multicast operates within LANs (including VLANs) and across WANs also. IP multicast is usually routed in the network core by Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), setting up correct distribution of multicast streams (TV channels) from their source all the way to the customers who wants to view them, duplicating received packets as needed. On-demand content uses a negotiated unicast connection. RTP over UDP or the lower overhead H.222 transport stream over TCP are generally the preferred methods of encapsulation.
Web based unicast only live and VoD streaming:
Adobe Flash Player prefers RTMP over TCP with setup and control via either AMF or XML or JSON transactions.
Apple iOS uses HLS adaptive bitrate streaming over HTTP with setup and control via an embedded M3U playlist file.
Microsoft Silverlight uses smooth streaming (adaptive bitrate streaming) over HTTP
Web based multicast live and unicast VoD streaming:
IETF recommends RTP over UDP or TCP transports with setup and control using RTSP over TCP.
Connected TVs, game consoles, set-top boxs and network personal video recorders:
local network content uses UPnP AV for unicast via HTTP over TCP or for multicast live RTP over UDP.
Web based content is provided through either inline Web plugins or a Television broadcast based application that uses a middleware language such as MHEG-5that triggers an event such as loading an inline Web browser using an Adobe Flash Player plugin.
A telecommunications company IPTV service is usually delivered over an investment-heavy walled garden network.
Local IPTV, as used by businesses for audio visual AV distribution on their company networks is typically based on a mixture of:
Conventional TV reception equipment and IPTV encoders
IPTV gateways that take broadcast MPEG channels and IP wrap them to create multicast streams.
VIA SATELLITE
Although IPTV and conventional satellite TV distribution have been seen as complementary technologies, they are likely to be increasingly used together in hybrid IPTV networks that deliver the highest levels of performance and reliability. IPTV is largely neutral to the transmission medium, and IP traffic is already routinely carried by satellite for Internet backbone trunking and corporate VSAT networks.[48] The use of satellite to carry IP is fundamental to overcoming the greatest shortcoming of IPTV over terrestrial cables – the speed/bandwidth of the connection.
The copper twisted pair cabling that forms the last mile of the telephone and broadband network in many countries is not able to provide a sizeable proportion of the population with an IPTV service that matches even existing terrestrial or satellite digital TV distribution. For a competitive multi-channel TV service, a connection speed of 20 Mbit/s is likely to be required, but unavailable to most potential customers.[49] The increasing popularity of high definition television (with twice the data rate of SD video) increases connection speed requirements, or limits IPTV service quality and connection eligibility even further.
However, satellites are capable of delivering in excess of 100 Gbit/s via multi-spot beam technologies, making satellite a clear emerging technology for implementing IPTV networks. Satellite distribution can be included in an IPTV network architecture in several ways. The simplest to implement is an IPTV-direct to home (DTH) architecture, in which hybrid DVB-broadband set-top boxes in subscriber homes integrate satellite and IP reception to give near-infinite bandwidth with return channel capabilities. In such a system, many live TV channels may be multicast via satellite (IP-encapsulated or as conventional DVB digital TV) with stored video-on-demand transmission via the broadband connection. Arqiva’s Satellite Media Solutions Division suggests “IPTV works best in a hybrid format. For example, you would use broadband to receive some content and satellite to receive other, such as live channels”.[50]
HYBRID IPTV[EDIT]

Hybrid IPTV has grown in popularity in recent years[when?] as a result of two major drivers. Since the emergence of online video aggregation sites, like YouTube andVimeo in the mid-2000s, traditional pay TV operators have come under increasing pressure to provide their subscribers with a means of viewing Internet-based video [both professional and user-generated] on their televisions. At the same time, specialist IP-based operators [often telecommunications providers] have looked for ways to offer analogue and digital terrestrial services to their operations, without adding either additional cost or complexity to their transmission operations. Bandwidth is a valuable asset for operators, so many have looked for alternative ways to deliver these new services without investing in additional network infrastructures.Hybrid IPTV refers to the combination of traditional broadcast TV services and video delivered over either managed IP networks or the public Internet. It is an increasing trend in both the consumer and pay TV [operator] markets.[51][52][53]
A hybrid set-top allows content from a range of sources, including terrestrial broadcast, satellite, and cable, to be brought together with video delivered over the Internet via an Ethernet connection on the device. This enables television viewers to access a greater variety of content on their TV sets, without the need for a separate box for each service.
Hybrid IPTV set-top boxes also enable users to access a range of advanced interactive services, such as VOD / catch-up TV, as well as Internet applications, includingvideo telephony, surveillance, gaming, shopping, e-government accessed via a television set.
From a pay-TV operator’s perspective, a hybrid IPTV set-top box gives them greater long-term flexibility by enabling them to deploy new services and applications as and when consumers require, most often without the need to upgrade equipment or for an engineer to visit and reconfigure or swap out the device. This minimises the cost of launching new services, increases speed to market and limits disruption for consumers.[54]
The Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) consortium of industry companies is currently[when?] promoting and establishing an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast and broadband digital TV and multimedia applications with a single user interface.[55] These trends led to the development of Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV set-top boxes that included both a broadcast tuner and an Internet connection – usually an Ethernet port. The first commercially available hybrid IPTV set-top box was developed by Advanced Digital Broadcast, a developer of digital television hardware and software, in 2005. The platform was developed for Spanish pay TV operator Telefonica,[56] and used as part of its Movistar TV service, launched to subscribers at the end of 2005.
An alternative approach is the IPTV version of the Headend in the Sky cable TV solution. Here, multiple TV channels are distributed via satellite to the ISP or IPTV provider’s point of presence (POP) for IP-encapsulated distribution to individual subscribers as required by each subscriber.
This can provide a huge selection of channels to subscribers without overburdening Internet trunking to the POP, and enables an IPTV service to be offered to small or remote operators outside the reach of terrestrial high speed broadband connection. An example is a network combining fibre and satellite distribution via an SES New Skies satellite of 95 channels to Latin America and the Caribbean, operated by IPTV Americas.[57]
While the future development of IPTV probably lies with a number of coexisting architectures and implementations, it is clear[according to whom?] that broadcasting of high bandwidth applications such as IPTV is accomplished more efficiently and cost-effectively using satellite[58] and it is predicted that the majority of global IPTV growth will be fuelled by hybrid networks.[59]
ADVANTAGES
The Internet protocol-based platform offers significant advantages, including the ability to integrate television with other IP-based services like high speed Internet access and VoIP.
A switched IP network also allows for the delivery of significantly more content and functionality. In a typical TV or satellite network, using broadcast video technology, all the content constantly flows downstream to each customer, and the customer switches the content at the set-top box. The customer can select from as many choices as the telecomms, cable or satellite company can stuff into the “pipe” flowing into the home. A switched IP network works differently. Content remains in the network, and only the content the customer selects is sent into the customer’s home. That frees up bandwidth, and the customer’s choice is less restricted by the size of the “pipe” into the home. This also implies that the customer's privacy could be compromised to a greater extent than is possible with traditional TV or satellite networks. It may also provide a means to hack into, or at least disrupt (see Denial of service) the private network.
Economics
The cable industry's expenditures of approximately $1 billion per year are based on network updates to accommodate higher data speeds. Most operators use 2–3 channels to support maximum data speeds of 50 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s. However, because video streams require a high bit rate for much longer periods of time, the expenditures to support high amounts of video traffic will be much greater. This phenomenon is called persistency. Data persistency is routinely 5% while video persistency can easily reach 50%. As video traffic continues to grow, this means that significantly more CMTS downstream channels will be required to carry this video content. Based on today's market, it is likely that industry expenditures for CMTS expansion could exceed $2 billion a year, virtually all of that expenditure being driven by video traffic. Adoption of IPTV for carrying the majority of this traffic could save the industry approximately 75% of this capital expenditure.[60]
Interactivity
An IP-based platform also allows significant opportunities to make the TV viewing experience more interactive and personalized. The supplier may, for example, include an interactive program guide that allows viewers to search for content by title or actor’s name, or a picture-in-picture functionality that allows them to “channel surf” without leaving the program they’re watching. Viewers may be able to look up a player’s stats while watching a sports game, or control the camera angle. They also may be able to access photos or music from their PC on their television, use a wireless phone to schedule a recording of their favorite show, or even adjust parental controls so their child can watch a documentary for a school report, while they’re away from home.
In order that there can take place an interaction between the receiver and the transmitter, a feedback channel is needed. Due to this, terrestrial, satellite, and cable networks for television do not allow interactivity. However, interactivity with those networks can be possible by combining TV networks with data networks such as theInternet or a mobile communication network.
Video-on-demand
IPTV technology is bringing video-on-demand (VoD) to television,[61] which permits a customer to browse an online program or film catalog, to watch trailers and to then select a selected recording. The playout of the selected item starts nearly instantaneously on the customer's TV or PC.
Technically, when the customer selects the movie, a point-to-point unicast connection is set up between the customer's decoder (set-top box or PC) and the delivering streaming server. The signalling for the trick play functionality (pause, slow-motion, wind/rewind etc.) is assured by RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol).
The most common codecs used for VoD are MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and VC-1.
In an attempt to avoid content piracy, the VoD content is usually encrypted. Whilst encryption of satellite and cable TV broadcasts is an old practice, with IPTV technology it can effectively be thought of as a form of Digital rights management. A film that is chosen, for example, may be playable for 24 hours following payment, after which time it becomes unavailable.
IPTV-based converged services
Another advantage of an IP-based network is the opportunity for integration and convergence. This opportunity is amplified when using IMS-based solutions.[62]Converged services implies interaction of existing services in a seamless manner to create new value added services. One example is on-screen Caller ID, getting Caller ID on a TV and the ability to handle it (send it to voice mail, etc.). IP-based services will help to enable efforts to provide consumers anytime-anywhere access to content over their televisions, PCs and cell phones, and to integrate services and content to tie them together. Within businesses and institutions, IPTV eliminates the need to run a parallel infrastructure to deliver live and stored video services.
LIMITATIONS
IPTV is sensitive to packet loss and delays if the streamed data is unreliable. IPTV has strict minimum speed requirements in order to facilitate the right number of frames per second to deliver moving pictures. This means that the limited connection speed and bandwidth available for a large IPTV customer base can reduce the service quality delivered.
Although a few countries have very high-speed broadband-enabled populations, such as South Korea with 6 million homes benefiting from a minimum connection speed of 100 Mbit/s, in other countries (such as the UK) legacy networks struggle to provide 3–5 Mbit/s[63][dated info] and so simultaneous provision to the home of TV channels, VOIP and Internet access may not be viable. The last-mile delivery for IPTV usually has a bandwidth restriction that only allows a small number of simultaneous TV channel streams – typically from one to three – to be delivered.[64]
Streaming IPTV across wireless links within the home has proved troublesome; not due to bandwidth limitations as many[who?] assume, but due to issues with multipath and reflections of the RF signal carrying the IP data packets. An IPTV stream is sensitive to packets arriving at the right time and in the right order. Improvements in wireless technology are now[when?] starting to provide equipment to solve the problem.[65]
Due to the limitations of wireless, most IPTV service providers today use wired home networking technologies instead of wireless technologies like 802.11. Service providers such as AT&T (which makes extensive use of wireline home networking as part of its U-Verse IPTV service) have expressed support for the work done in this direction by ITU-T, which has adopted Recommendation G.hn (also known as G.9960), which is a next-generation home networking standard that specifies a common PHY/MAC that can operate over any home wiring (power lines, phone lines or coaxial cables).[66][67]
Latency
The latency inherent in the use of satellite Internet is often held up as reason why satellites cannot be successfully used for IPTV, but in practice latency is not an important factor for IPTV. An IPTV service does not require real-time transmission, as is the case with telephony or videoconferencing services.
It is the latency of response to requests to change channel, display an EPG, etc. that most affects customers’ perceived quality of service, and these problems affect satellite IPTV no more than terrestrial IPTV. Command latency problems, faced by terrestrial IPTV networks with insufficient bandwidth as their customer base grows, may be solved by the high capacity of satellite distribution.
Satellite distribution does suffer from latency – the time for the signal to travel up from the hub to the satellite and back down to the user is around 0.25 seconds, and cannot be reduced. However, the effects of this delay are mitigated in real-life systems using data compression, TCP-acceleration, and HTTP pre-fetching.[68]
Satellite latency can be detrimental to especially time-sensitive applications such as on-line gaming (although it only seriously affects the likes of first-person shooterswhile many MMOGs can operate well over satellite Internet[69]), but IPTV is typically a simplex operation (one-way transmission) and latency is not a critical factor for video transmission.
Existing video transmission systems of both analogue and digital formats already introduce known quantifiable delays. Existing DVB TV channels that simulcast by both terrestrial and satellite transmissions experience the same 0.25-second delay difference between the two services with no detrimental effect, and it goes unnoticed by viewers.
BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS

Bandwidth capacity for simultaneously two HDTV streams, two SD streams, additional to HSD and voice
Digital video is a combination of sequence of digital images, and they are made up of pixels or picture elements. Each pixel has two values, which are luminance and chrominance. Luminance is representing intensity of the pixel; chrominance represents the colour of the pixel. Three bytes would be used to represent the colour of the high quality image for a true colour technique. A sequence of images is creating the digital video, in that case, images are called as frames.
Movies use 24 frames per second; however, the rate of the frames can change according to territories' electrical systems so that there are different kinds of frame rates, for instance, North America is using approximately 30 frames per second where the Europe television frame rate is 25 frames per second. Each digital video has dimensions width and height; when referred to analogue television, the dimension for SDTV is 720×480 pixels, on the other hand, numerous HDTV requires 1920×1080 pixels. Moreover, whilst for SDTV, two bytes (16 bits) is enough to create the colour depth, HDTV requires three bytes (24 bits) to create the colour depth.
Thereby, with a rate of 30 frames/second, the uncompressed data rate for SDTV becomes 30×640×480×16, in other words, 147,456,000 bits per second. Moreover, for HDTV, at the same frame rate, uncompressed date rate becomes 30×1920×1080×24 or 1,492,992,000 bits per second. With that simple calculation, it is obvious that without using a lossy compression methods service provider’s service delivery to the subscribers is limited.
There is no absolute answer for the bandwidth requirement for the IPTV service because the bandwidth requirement is increasing due to the devices inside the household. Thus, currently compressed HDTV content can be delivered at a data rate between 8 and 10 Mbit/s, but if the home of the consumer equipped with several HDTV outputs, this rate will be multiplied respectively.
The high-speed data transfer will increase the needed bandwidth for the viewer, at least 2 Mbit/s is needed to use web-based applications on the computer. Additionally to that, 64 kbit/s is required to use landline telephone for the property. In minimal usage, to receive an IPTV triple-play service requires 13 Mbit/s to process in a household.
PRIVACY IMPLICATIONS
Due to limitations in bandwidth, an IPTV channel is delivered to the user one at a time, as opposed to the traditional multiplexed delivery. Changing a channel requires requesting the head-end server to provide a different broadcast stream, much like VOD (For VOD the stream is delivered using unicast, for the normal TV signal multicast is used). This could enable the service provider to accurately track each and every programme watched and the duration of watching for each viewer; broadcasters and advertisers could then understand their audience and programming better with accurate data and targeted advertising.
In conjunction with regulatory differences between IPTV and cable TV, this tracking could pose a threat to privacy according to critics.[70] For IP multicast scenarios, since a particular multicast group (TV channel) needs to be requested before it can be viewed, the same privacy concerns apply.
VENDORS
A small number of companies supply most current IPTV systems. Some, such as Movistar TV, were formed by telecoms operators themselves, to minimise external costs, a tactic also used by PCCW of Hong Kong. Some major telecoms vendors are also active in this space, notably Alcatel-Lucent (sometimes working with Movistar TV), Ericsson (notably since acquiring Tandberg Television), NEC, Accenture (Accenture Video Solution), Thomson, Huawei, and ZTE, as are some IT houses, led byMicrosoft. California-based UTStarcom, Inc., Tennessee-based Worley Consulting, Tokyo-based The New Media Group, Malaysian-based Select-TV and Oslo/Norway-based SnapTV also offer end-to-end networking infrastructure for IPTV-based services, and Hong Kong-based BNS Ltd. provides turnkey open platform IPTV technology solutions. Global sales of IPTV systems exceeded 2 billion USD in 2007.
Hospitality IPTV Ltd, having established many closed network IPTV systems, expanded in 2013 to OTT delivery platforms for markets in New Zealand, Australia and Asia Pacific region, bringing a European flair and sophistication to the delivery of OTT content.[citation needed]
Google Fiber offers an IPTV service in Kansas City, MO and Kansas City, KS which includes Gigabit-speed internet and over 290 channels via the fiber optic network being built out in KCK and KCMO.
Many of these IPTV solution vendors participated in the biennial Global MSF Interoperability 2008 (GMI) event which was coordinated by the MultiService Forum(MSF) at five sites worldwide from 20 to 31 October 2008. Test equipment vendors including Netrounds, Codenomicon, Empirix, Ixia, Mu Dynamics and Spirent joined solution vendors such as the companies listed above in one of the largest IPTV proving grounds ever deployed.
SERVICE BUNDLING
For residential users, IPTV is often provided in conjunction with video on demand and may be bundled with Internet services such as Internet access and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telecommunications services. Commercial bundling of IPTV, VoIP and Internet access is sometimes referred to in marketing as triple playservice. When these three are offered with cellular service, the combined service may be referred to as quadruple play.
REGULATION
Historically, broadcast television has been regulated differently from telecommunications. As IPTV allows TV and VoD to be transmitted over IP networks, new regulatory issues arise.[71] Professor Eli M. Noam highlights in his report "TV or Not TV: Three Screens, One Regulation?" some of the key challenges with sector specific regulation that is

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