Jesus is the Latinized form of Yeshua, יֵשׁוּעַ , a Hebrew/Aramaic name or as written in English, Joshua, refers primarily to the servant of Moses who became leader after him, and in whose name, the first book of the Prophets is called. The name means "YAHWEH is salvation"
After his his death, his Jewish end times sect reached the Greek and Roman world, where it had evolved into a gentile religion; his name was hellenized and latinized as Ieosus and Iesu. Later, when the I split into I and J, his name became Jesu, and later in English and Spanish it regained the extra s at the end from the Greek form.
Yeshua is a form used common to the era, but is no different than how AODHÁN became Aiden. Same name, same meaning."
Christ" is not a surname, it's a title. It's appended to the Greek form of Yeshua's name as part of a claim that he was the Messiah, which in Greek is Χριστός (Christos). This in turn is the Greek form of the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Māšîaḥ) meaning "anointed one". Ancient Jewish kings were ceremonially anointed with oil as a sign of their status and the Jews believed a new "anointed one" would be sent by God to save them. The early Jesus sect believed Jesus was this "Anointed" and so referred to Jesus in this way. So the gospels, which were written in Greek, call him "Ἰησοῦς Χριστός " which in English is "Jesus the Christ" or just "Jesus Christ". It's a claim, not a name.
It's for this reason that only Christians should refer to him as "Jesus Christ". For we non-Christians, he's just "Jesus" or "Jesus of Nazareth". Unless you believe he was in some sense "the Christ" it doesn't make sense to refer to him as such.
Jesus' historical Aramaic name would have been Yeshua bar Yusef. His mother would have been Maryām, which was rendered Μαρία (Maria) in the Greek of the gospels which became "Mary" in English translations.
Etymology, linguistics and history are such strong interests for me. These concise videos, so well presented and integrating community contributions are amazing. Thank you for all your work!